The problem is not caused by the php.ini file. To be more clear:
WPDM was working fine on server A. I migrated the website to server B, reinstalled WPDM and uploaded all files again.
Then I installed the latest WPDM update and this problem occurred.
Files are uploaded and recognised as .docx documents with the correct filesize. When I visit the page and click to download, WPDM does not offer the requested .docx file, but a 0 bytes .txt file named “download-manager-file.txt”